Properties 1–3: Self-Managed
Most investors self-manage early to learn operations. Critical skills: leasing, screening, maintenance triage, basic accounting.
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Properties 4–6: Hire Out
Self-management breaks around 4–5 properties for most people. Hire a PM at one property to build the relationship before you need it.
Properties 7–10: Systems & Financing
You'll hit the 10-property Fannie/Freddie cap. Plan ahead: DSCR loans, portfolio refinance, business credit, and a dedicated bookkeeper.